The entity is the Maritime Inspection Department in Customs Gate no.1 that requires,
for holding such passport, to pass several training courses (mandatory courses)
in one of the specialized fields onboard vessels.
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Shipping is transporting cargo from one place to another, from one country to another
through ports by vessels, through airports by planes as well as the land transport
by trucks. The oldest form of shipping is the maritime shipping through merchant
vessels that developed through ages and became those giant vessels and tankers operated
by diesel engines or steam turbines. Due to the importance of maritime shipping
since old ages, several countries built merchant vessels in order to ensure the
flow of their cargo traffic on the world's level.
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Container transport is transporting cargo through international standardized containers
that can be shipped onboard container vessels, trains and trucks. Standard containers
are in three sizes 20-40-45 ft.
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The capacity of the world standardized containers is measured by Twenty Foot Units
(TEU) which is considered the standard container that reaches 20ft. In other words,
it is the measurement of the volume of loaded cargo using containers onboard vessels
and standard tankers: 20ft length, 7.8ft width and about 7.9 ft height.
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Transit trade is the re-export of imported cargo. Cargo are transported from the
places of origin to the centers and ports of reception where they are temporarily
deposited or sometimes they are subject to some processing operations and packed
then they are exported without paying customs dues.
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Direct transit is the transport of foreign cargo imported directly from one vessel
to another without being received in the storehouses or warehouses in the customs
gate of the port under the responsibility of the maritime agency.
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The Bill of Lading is a document issued by the shipping company. It is a contract
between the exporter and the shipping company indicating the port of shipping, the
port of destination, the transport means, the freight and the way of payment. The
Bill of Lading is a confirmation of the shipping company that cargo has been received
in the vessel's holds. It is also considered an ownership contract for the consignee
as it describes the cargo and the consignee.
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FOB is a pricing requirement indicating that the price includes the price of the
goods loaded onboard the carrier to a named place. The exporter is no longer responsible
of the cargo once it is loaded onboard the vessel in the port of shipping. Thus
the buyer bears all the costs and risks that may occur to the cargo after being
loaded on the vessel.
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CIF is a pricing requirement indicating that the price includes the cost of cargo,
insurance and freight until the arrival of cargo to the importing country. Ex- Works
or Ex- Factory (EXW) is a pricing requirement where the responsibility of the seller
is restricted on the preparation of the cargo for the buyer in the places affiliated
to the seller such as a factory or a storehouse. The buyer bears the costs of transporting
the cargo as well as the risks resulting from the reception of the cargo from the
seller premises to the places of arrival. This requirement represents the minimum
commitment of the seller. Deliver Duty Paid (DDP) is a pricing requirement meaning
that the seller is committed to deliver the cargo to the buyer cleared for import
and not discharged from the transport means at the named place of arrival. This
requirement constitutes the maximum commitment requirement on the seller.
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The Certificate of Origin is a document issued by the commercial chamber in the
exporter country indicating the place of manufacturing or the production of the
cargo that will be exported. It is considered a necessary document to acknowledge
the nationality of the cargo for estimating the dues that will be charged or the
discriminatory exceptions that will be awarded to it. The Certificate of Origin
prevents the flow of forbidden cargo or those that are economically embargoed.
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Drawback is the recovery of dues that have been already paid on imported cargo when
it is re-exported.
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The manifest is the document prepared by the vessel's master indicating the cargo
that is discharged from the vessel to the named port. A copy of the manifest is
sent to the customs authority and the shipping agents. It contains a full description
of the cargo, the name of the importer, the weight, number of shipments, volume
of cargo, name of the vessel, voyage no., port of shipping and port of discharge.
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Re- exportation is the exportation of cargo or commodities that have been imported
from a foreign country without being manufactured or radically changed. This process
is undertaken in case the cargo was rejected from the importer due to violations
of the shipping requirements. The cargo is re-exported to the country of origin
or any other country if the customs and health authorities refuse to terminate it
due to its unworthiness for human consumption.
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Export Restraint Agreement is an agreement between an exporting and an importing
country that limits the volume of trade of certain product(s). More specifically
it limits the exports and imports between two countries to certain levels or to
a percentage from the local sales in the importing country. Thus, Export Restrain
Agreement is a procedure protecting the local producers in the importing country
from the foreign competition and it supports the payment balance in this country.
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